How strong can the strongest acid be?

(strong acid is often set as a powerful "weapon". How strong can it be? )

first of all, let's start with the definition of acid. There are several chemical definitions of "acid":

1 Arrhenius (S. Arrhenius) acid. Refers to a compound in which the cations released when dissolved in water are all hydrogen ions (H +).

2 Bronsted-Lowry acid. This definition holds that the particle that can provide protons is acid, and the particle that can accept protons is alkali. See acid-base proton theory. It is broader than Arrhenius' definition because acids under this definition contain substances that are insoluble in water.

3 Lewis (Lewis) acid. Acid is defined as the acceptor of electrons, which is the broadest definition because Lewis acids and bases do not require the presence of hydrogen or oxygen.

the first of these is the understanding that is closest to daily life. According to the definition of this acid, the strength of acidity and basicity should be determined by the ability to ionize hydrogen ions, for example, weak acids are generally only partially ionized in water.

at present, there are indeed many acids that are much stronger than common strong acids (such as sulfuric acid). They are often called superacids, which are characterized by the fact that the hydrogen ions (protons) are particularly "free". Can react with substances that are particularly weakly alkaline (such as the advanced alkanes in candles).

several examples of superacids:

fluoroantimonic acid: a mixture of hydrogen fluoride (HF) and antimony pentafluoride (SbF5). When mixed at a ratio of 1: 1, it is said to be the strongest superacid at present.

Magic acid: is a mixture of antimony pentafluoride (SbF5) of Lewis acid and chlorosulfonic acid (FSO3H) of protonic acid.

carboboranic acid: chemical formula: CHB11Cl11, this is a pure substance

this is probably the limit of strong acid at present, and there may be stronger acid discovery in the future.

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but in general, there is another very important factor to consider in terms of acidity, and that is the solvent. What we generally see is the dissolution of acid in water. In this case, it should be said that there is a limit to acidity, and this limit is much worse than that of the strongest acid. When the acidity reaches the level of complete ionization, the stronger acids can only be completely ionized protons in the water, at this time their acidity can not be stronger, this is the flattening effect.

if you want to distinguish the levels of these strong acids, you need to replace them with other solvents (solvents with less basic molecules), such as glacial acetic acid, to further distinguish the acidity.

so the acidity limit in the actual solution depends on the solvent. While things like fluoroantimonic acid and magic acid mentioned above will be hydrolyzed violently in water, it is impossible to maintain such strong acidity.

of course, acidity cannot be equated with the super corrosive effect we often see in monsters and sci-fi movies. If you want to understand the extent to which real chemicals can be spooky, why not poke and read the original post _ (: monster "Angle)?